Publications

In Press

Hopkins, W. D. (in press).  Left-right spatial discrimination and the evolution of hemispheric specialization: Some new thoughts on some old ideas.  In R. Mitchell and F. Dolins (Eds), Spatial perception, spatial cognition.  Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press. 

Leavens, D. A., Racine, T. P., & Hopkins, W. D. (In press). The ontogeny and phylogeny of non-verbal deixis. In C. Knight & R. Botha (Eds.), The cradle of language, Volume 1: The prehistory of language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bennett, A. J., Suomi, S. J., & Hopkins, W. D.  (in press). Differential effects of rearing on handedness in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).  Laterality.

Hopkins, W. D. (in press). Locomotor limb preferences in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Implications for morphological asymmetries in limb bones.   American Journal of Physical Anthropology.

Fragaszy, D. Kennedy, E., Murnane, A., Menzel, C., Brewer, J., & Hopkins, W. D. (in press).  Navigating two-dimensional mazes: Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and capuchins (Cebus apella) profit from experience differently.  Animal Cognition.

Bennett, A. J., Pierre, P. J., Hopkins, W. D., Taglialatela, J. P., Lees, C. (in press). Age-related neuroanatomical differences from the juvenile period to adulthood in mother-reared macaques (Macaca radiata).  Brain Research.

Taglialatela, J. P., Russell, J., Schaeffer, J. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (in press). Visualizing chimpanzee perception of vocalization using postiron emission tomography. Cerebral Cortex.

2007-2008

Hostetter, A. B, Russell, J. L., Freeman, H., & Hopkins, W. D. (2007). Now you see me, now you don’t: Evidence that chimpanzees understand the role of eyes in attention.  Animal Cognition, 10, 55-62. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Taglialatela, J., & Leavens, D. A. (2007). Chimpanzees differentially produce vocalizations to capture the attention of a human.  Animal Behaviour, 73, 281-286. PDF

Hopkins, W. D. (2007).   Hemispheric specialization in chimpanzees: Evolution of hand and brain.  In T. Shackelford, J. P. Keenan, & S.M. Platek (Eds), Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience.  Boston: MIT Press.

Hopkins, W. D., Taglialatela, J. P., Dunham, L., & Pierre, P. (2007). Behavioral and neuroanatomical correlates of white matter asymmetries in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  European Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 2565-2570. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Cantalupo, C., & Taglialatela, J. (2007). Handedness is associated with asymmetries in gyrification of the cerebral cortex of chimpanzees. Cerebral Cortex, 17,  1750-1756. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Dunham, L., Cantalupo, C., & Taglialatela, J. T. (2007).  The relationship between handedness, brain asymmetries and corpus callosum size in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Cerebral Cortex, 17,  1757-1765. PDF

Phillips, K. & Hopkins, W. D. (2007). Exploring the relationship between cerebellar asymmetry and handedness in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and  capuchins (Cebus apella).  Neuropsychologia, 45, 2333-2339. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Russell, J., Remkus, M., Freeman, H., & Schapiro, S. J. (2007).  Handedness and grooming in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Comparative analysis between findings in captive and wild individuals . International Journal of Primatology, 28, 1315-1326. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Russell, J., & Cantalupo, C. (2007).  Neuroanatomical correlates of handedness for tool use in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Implication for theories on the evolution of language.  Psychological Science, 18,  971-977. PDF 

Taglialatela, J. P., Dadda, M., & Hopkins, W. D. (2007). Sex differences in asymmetry of the planum parietale in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Behavioural Brain Research, 184, 185-191. PDF

Hopkins, W. D. (Ed.) (2007).  Evolution of hemispheric specialization in primates.  London: Academic Press.

Hopkins, W. D., Russell, J., Lambeth, S., & Schapiro, S. J.  (2007). Handedness and neuroanatomical asymmetries in captive chimpanzees: A summary of 15 years of research.  In W. D. Hopkins (Ed.), Evolution of hemispheric specialization in primates (pp. 143-176). London: Academic Press.

Weiss, A., King, J. E., & Hopkins, W. D. (2007). A cross-setting study of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) personality structure and development: Zoological parks and Yerkes National Primate Research Center.   American Journal of Primatology, 69, 1-14. PDF

Cantalupo, C., Freeman, H., Rodes, W. & Hopkins, W. D. (2008).  Handedness for tool use correlates with cerebellar asymmetries in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Behavioral Neuroscience, 122, 191-198.

Taglialatela, J. P., Russell, J., Schaeffer, J. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (2008). Communicative signal activates “Broca’s” homologue in chimpanzees.  Current Biology. 18, 343-348. PDF

Hopkins, W. D. (2008). Broca’s area: Evolution. In L. Squire (Ed.), Encylopedia of Neuroscience. New York:   Elsevier.

Rosen, R., Farberg, A. S., Gearing, M., Dooyema, J., Long, P. M., Anderson, D., Davis-Turak, J., Coppola, S, Geschwind, D., Pare, J., Hopkins, W. D., Preuss, T. M., & Walker, L. (2008). Tauopathy with paired helical filaments in an aged chimpanzee.  Journal of Comparative Neurology,  509, 259-270. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Cantalupo, C. (2008).  Theoretical speculations on the evolution of hemispheric specialization.   Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 233-237. PDF

Losin, E. A., Russell, J. L., Freeman, H., Meguerditchian, A., & Hopkins, W. D. (2008). Left hemisphere specialization for oro-facial movements of learned vocal signals by captive chimpanzees. PlosONE PDF

Leavens, D. A., Hopkins, W. D., & Bard, K. A. (2008). The heterochronic origins of explicit reference.  In J. Zlatev, T. Racine, C. Sinha, & E. Itkonen (Eds.), (pp. 187-214) The shared mind: Perspectives on intersubjectivity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Hopkins, W. D., Taglialatela, J. P, Megeurditchian. A., Nir, T., Schenker, N. M., & Sherwood, C. C. (2008).  Gray matter asymmetries in chimpanzees as revealed by voxel-based morphology.  NeuroImage, 42 491-497. PDF

2005-2006

Hopkins, W. D., Russell, J., Hook, M., Braccini, S., & Schapiro, S. (2005).  Simple reaching is not so simple: Association between hand use and grip preferences in captive chimpanzees. International Journal of Primatology, 26, 259-277. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Cantalupo, C., Freeman, H., Russell, J., Kachin., M, & Nelson, E. (2005). Chimpanzees are right-handed when recording bouts of hand use. Laterality, 10, 159-169. PDF

Fessler, D. M. T., Navarrete, C. D., Hopkins, W. D., & Izard, M. K. (2005).   Examining the terminal investment hypothesis in humans and chimpanzees: Associations between maternal age, parity, and birth weight.   American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 127, 95-104. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Russell, J., Freeman, H., Buehler, N., Reynolds, E., & Schapiro, S. J. (2005).  The distribution and development of handedness for manual gestures in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Psychological Science, 16, 487-493. PDF

Leavens, D. L., Russell, J. L., & Hopkins, W. D. (2005).   Intentionality as measured in the persistent and elaboration of communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Child Development, 76, 291-306. PDF

Lonsdorf, E. V., & Hopkins, W. D. (2005).  Wild chimpanzees show population level handedness for tool use.   Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 12634-12638. PDF

Vauclair, J., Mequerditchian, A., & Hopkins, W. D. (2005).  Hand preferences for unimanual and coordinated bimanual tasks in baboons (Papio anubis).  Cognitive Brain Research, 25, 210-216. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Russell, J. L., Hostetter, A., Pilcher, D., & Dahl, J. F. (2005). Grip preference, dermatoglyphics, and hand use in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 128, 57-62. PDF

Leavens, D. L., Hopkins, W. D., & Bard, K. A. (2005).  Understanding the point of chimpanzee pointing:  Epigenesis and ecological validity.  Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 185-189. PDF

Russell, J., Braccini, S., Buehler, N., Kachin, M., Schapiro, S. J., & Hopkins, W. D. (2005). Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) intentional communication is not contingent upon food.  Animal Cognition, 8, 263-272. PDF

Roof, K. A., Hopkins, W. D., Izard, M. K., Hook, M., & Schapiro, S. J. (2005). Maternal age, parity, and reproductive outcome in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology, 67, 199-208. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Russell, J., Freeman, H., Cantalupo, C., & Schapiro, S.  (2005). Factors influencing the prevalence and handedness for throwing in captive chimpanzee Journal of Comparative Psychology, 119, 363-370. PDF

Leavens, D. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (2005).  Multimodal concomitants of manual gesture in chimpanzees: Influence of food size and distance. Gesture, 5, 75-90. PDF

Halpern, M. E., Gunturkun, O, Hopkins, W. D., & Rogers, L. (2005). Lateralization in the vertebrate brain: taking the side of model systems.  Journal of Neuroscience, 9, 10351-10357. PDF

Hopkins, W. D. (2006).  Chimpanzee right-handedness: Internal and external validity in the assessment of hand use.  Cortex, 42, 90-93. PDF

Hopkins, W. D.  (2006). A comparative and familial analysis of handedness in great apes. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 538-559. 

Hopkins, W. D. (2006). Evolution of language and speech from a neuropsychological perspective: Some recent findings in great apes and their theoretical implications. In D. A. Washburn (Ed), Primate Perspectives on Behavior and Cognition. Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association.

Hopkins, W. D., Wesley, M, Russell, J. L., & Schapiro, S. J. (2006).  Parental and perinatal factors influencing handedness in captive chimpanzees.  Developmental Psychobiology, 48, 428-435. PDF

Dadda, M., Cantalupo, C., & Hopkins, W. D. (2006).  Further evidence of an association between handedness and neuroanatomical asymmetries in the primary motor cortex of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).    Neuropsychologia, 44, 2582-2586. PDF

Taglialatela, J., Cantalupo, C., & Hopkins, W. D. (2006).  Gesture handedness predicts asymmetries in the chimpanzee inferior frontal gyrus.  NeuroReport, 17, 923-927.  PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & De Lathouwers, M. (2006). Left nipple preferences in infant bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).   International Journal of Primatology, 27, 1653-1662. PDF

Poss, S. R., Kuhar, C., Stoinski, T., S., & Hopkins, W. D. (2006). Differential use of attentional and visual communicative signaling by orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) in response to the attentional status of a human.  American Journal of Primatology,  68, 978-992. PDF

Dunham, L., & Hopkins, W. D. (2006). Sex and handedness effects on corpus callosum morphology in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Behavioral Neuroscience, 120, 1025-1032. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Russell, J. L., Freeman, H., Reynolds, E. A. M., Griffis, C., & Leavens, D. A. (2006). Lateralized scratching in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence of a functional asymmetry during arousal.  Emotion, 6, 553-559. PDF

2003-2004

Hopkins, W.D. & Cantalupo, C. (2003).  Broadman's area 44, gestural communication and the emergence of right handedness in chimpanzees. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 224-225.

Hopkins, W. D., & Cantero, M. (2003). The influence of vocalizations on preferential hand use in gestural communication by chimpanzees.  Developmental Science., 6, 55-61. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Hook, M., Braccini, S., & Schapiro, S. J. (2003).  Population-level right handedness for a coordinated bimanual task in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Replication and extension in a second colony of apes.  International Journal of Primatology, 24, 677-689. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Cantalupo, C. (2003). Does variation in sample size explain individual differences in hand preferences of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)? An empirical study and reply to Palmer (2002).   American Journal of Physical Anthropology,  121, 878-881. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Stoinski, T., Lukas, K., Ross, S., & Wesley, M. J. (2003). Comparative assessment of handedness for a coordinated bimanual task in chimpanzees (Pan), gorillas (Gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo).  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 117, 302-308. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Pilcher, D., & Cantalupo, C. (2003).  Neural basis of cognition, communication and handedness in nonhuman primates.  In D. Maiestripieri (Ed), Primate psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 
       
Cantalupo, C., Pilcher, D., & Hopkins, W. D. (2003). Are asymmetries in sylvian fissure length associated with the planum temporale?  Neuropsychologia, 41, 1975-1981. PDF

Fernández-Carriba, S., Loeches, A., Morcillo, A., Washburn, D. A. & Hopkins, W.D. (2004): Human assessment of chimpanzee facial asymmetry. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain & Cognition, 9, 1-17.

Leavens, D. A., Hostetter, A. B., Wesley, M. J., & Hopkins, W. D. (2004). Tactical use of unimodal and bimodal communication by chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. Animal Behaviour, 67, 467-476. PDF

Leavens, D. A., Hopkins, W. D., & Thomas, R. (2004). Referential communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 118, 48-57. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Russell, J. L. (2004). Further evidence of a right hand advantage in motor skill by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Neuropsychologia, 42, 990-996. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Wesley, M. J., Izard, M. K., Hook, M., & Schapiro, S. J. (2004).  Chimpanzees are predominantly right-handed: Replication in three colonies of apes.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 118, 659-663. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Cantalupo, C. (2004). Individual and setting differences in the hand preferences of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): A critical analysis and some alternative explanations. Laterality, 10, 65-80. PDF

Leavens, D. A., Aureli, F., & Hopkins, W. D. (2004). Behavioral evidence for the cutaneous expression of emotion in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).  Behavior, 141, 979-997. PDF

Hopkins, W. D. (2004).   Laterality in maternal cradling and infant positional biases: Implications for the evolution and development of hand preferences inn nonhuman primates.   International Journal of Primatology, 25, 1243-1265. PDF

Freeman, H., Cantalupo, C., & Hopkins, W. D. (2004).  Asymmetries in the hippocampus and amygdala of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).   Behavioral Neuroscience, 118, 1460-1465. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Cantalupo, C. (2004).  Handedness in chimpanzees is associated with asymmetries in the primary motor but not with homologous language areas.   Behavioral Neuroscience, 118, 1176-1183. PDF

2001-2002

Parr, L. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (2001).  Brain temperature asymmetries and emotional perception in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes.  Physiology and Behavior, 71, 363-371. PDF

Pilcher, D., Hammock, L., & Hopkins, W. D. (2001).   Cerebral volume asymmetries in non-human primates as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging.  Laterality, 6, 165-180. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Dahl, J. F., & Pilcher, D. (2001). Genetic influence on the expression of hand preferences in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence in support of the right shift theory and developmental instability.  Psychological Science, 12, 299-303.  PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Pilcher, D. L. (2001).   Neuroanatomical localization of the motor hand area using magnetic resonance imaging : The left hemisphere is larger in great apes.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 115, 1159-1164.  PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Fernandez-Carriba, S., Wesley, M. J., Hostetter, A., Pilcher, D., & Poss, S.  (2001). The use of bouts and frequencies in the evaluation of hand preferences for a coordinated bimanual task in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): An empirical study comparing two different indices of laterality.   Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115, 294-299. PDF

Cantalupo, C., & Hopkins, W. D. (2001).  Asymmetric Broca's area in great apes.  Nature, 414, 505. PDF

Hostetter, A., Cantero, M., & Hopkins, W. D. (2001).  Differential use of vocal and gestural communication in chimpanzees in response to the attentional status of a human audience.   Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115, 337-343. PDF

Leavens, D. A., Aureli, F., Hopkins, W. D., & Hyatt, C. H. (2001). The effects of cognitive challenge on self-directed behaviors by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology, 55, 1-14. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Wesley, M. J.  (2002).  Gestural communication in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): The effect of situational factors on gesture type and hand use.  Laterality: Asymmetry of Body, Brain and Cognition, 7, 19-30. PDF

Hopkins, W. D. (2002).  Lateral thinking.  A review of "Right hand, left hand: The origins of asymmetry in brains, bodies, atoms, and cultures" by Chris McManus.  Nature, 417, 591-592.

Damerose, E. & Hopkins, W. D. (2002).  A comparison of scan and focal sampling procedures in the assessment of laterality for maternal cradling and infant nipple preferences in olive baboons (Papio anubis).   Animal Behaviour, 63, 511-518. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Washburn, D. A. (2002).  Matching visual stimuli on the basis of global and local features by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).   Animal Cognition, 5, 27-31.

Hopkins, W. D., & Carriba, S. F. (2002).  Laterality in communicative behaviors in nonhuman primates:  A critical analysis.  In L. Rogers and R. Andrews (Eds).,  Comparative vertebrate lateralization (pp.445-479). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fernandez-Carriba, S., Loeches, A., Morcillo, A., & Hopkins, W. D. (2002).  Asymmetry of facial expression of emotions by chimpanzees.  Neuropsychologia, 40, 1523-1533. PDF

Fernandez-Carriba, S, Loeches, A,  Morcillo, A. & Hopkins, W.D. (2002): Functional asymmetry of emotions in primates: New findings in chimpanzees. Brain Research Bulletin, 57, 561-564. PDF

Hostetter, A., & Hopkins, W. D. (2002). The effect of thought structure on the production of lexical movements.  Brain and Language, 82, 22-29. 

Hopkins, W. D., Cantalupo, C., Wesley, M. J., Hostetter, A., & Pilcher, D. (2002). Grip morphology and hand use in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence of a left hemisphere specialization in motor skill.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 131, 412-423. PDF

Wesley, M. J., Fernandez-Carriba, S., Hostetter, A., Pilcher, D., Poss, S, & W. D. Hopkins (2002).  Factor analysis of multiple measures of hand use in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  An alternative assessment to handedness in nonhuman primates.  International Journal of Primatology, 23, 1155-1168. PDF

1986-2000

Savage‑Rumbaugh, E. S. & Hopkins, W. D. (1986). Awareness, intentionality and acquired communicative behaviors:  Dimensions of intelligence. In R. J. Schusterman, J.A. Thomas, &  F. G. Wood (Eds.), Dolphin cognition and behavior: A comparative approach. (pp.303‑313). Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.

Savage‑Rumbaugh, E. S. & Hopkins, W. D. (1986). The evolution of communication capacities. In W. Bechtel (Ed.),  Science and philosophy: Integrating scientific disciplines. (pp.243‑262). The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Savage‑Rumbaugh, E.S., McDonald, K., Sevcik, R. A., Hopkins, W.D. & Rubert, E. (1986). Spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus).  Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 3, 211‑235.

Savage‑Rumbaugh, E. S., Rumbaugh, D. M., Hopkins, W. D., Shaw, P &, Murphy, J. (1986). Ape language beyond Nim. In E. Sue Savage‑Rumbaugh, Ape language: From conditioned response to symbol (pp.313‑340). New York: Columbia University Press.

Higley, J. D., Hopkins, W. D. & Suomi, S. J. (1987). Infantile coloration as a releasing mechanism of maternal preference in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Developmental Psychobiology, 99, 7‑13.

Hopkins, W. D., Washburn, D. A., Runfeldt, S., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Rumbaugh, D. M. (1987).  Joystick using apes and monkeys.  Comparative Psychology Newsletter, 55, 14-18.

Savage‑Rumbaugh, E. S., Sevcik, R. A. & Hopkins, W. D. (1988).  Symbolic cross‑modal transfer in relation to language in Pan paniscus and Pan troglodytes. Child Development, 57, 118‑125.

Hopkins, W. D., & Morris, R. D. (1989).  Laterality for visual‑spatial processing in two language-trained chimpanzees  (Pan troglodytes). Behavioral Neuroscience, 103, 227‑234. 

Hopkins, W. D., Washburn, D. A., &  Rumbaugh, D. M. (1989). Note on hand use in the manipulation of joysticks by two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and three chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 103, 91‑94. 

Rumbaugh, D. M., Richardson, W. K., Washburn, D. A., Savage‑Rumbaugh, E. S., & Hopkins, W. D. (1989). Rhesus monkeys learn complex video tasks: Stimulus‑response discontinuity revisited.  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 103, 67‑75.   

Washburn, D. A., Hopkins, W. D., Rumbaugh, D. M. (1989). Automation of learning set testing: The video-task paradigm.  Behavioral Research Methods, Instrumentation, and Computers, 12, 38-45.

Washburn, D. A., Hopkins, W. D., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1989).  Video-task assessment of learning: The effects of  stimulus movement. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 15, 393-400. 

Hopkins, W. D. (1990).  Hemispheric activation in language-trained chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Dissertation Abstracts International, B50 (11), 5354.

Hopkins, W. D., Washburn, D. A., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1990).  Processing of form stimuli presented unilaterally in humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Behavioral Neuroscience, 104, 577-582.

Richardson, W. K., Washburn, D. A., Hopkins, W. D., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1990).  The NASA/LRC computerized test apparatus and package. Behavior Research Methods, Instrumentation, & Computers, 13, 202-212.

Rumbaugh, D. M., Hopkins, W. D., Washburn, D. A., & Savage‑Rumbaugh, E. S. (1990).  Lana chimpanzee learns to count by "NUMATH".  A summary of a video-taped experimental report.  The Psychological Record, 39, 459-470. 

Savage‑Rumbaugh, E. S., Romski, M. A., Hopkins, W. D. & Sevcik, R. A. (1990). Species differences in language acquisition and use. In P. Heltne & L. A. Marquardt (Eds.), Understanding chimpanzees: Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Washburn, D. A., Hopkins, W. D., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1990). The effects of competition on video-task performance in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 104, 312-320.  

Bard, K. A., Hopkins, W. D., & Fort, C. (1990). Lateral bias in infant chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 104, 322-330.

Hopkins, W. D., Morris, R. D., & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1991).  Evidence for asymmetrical hemispheric priming using known and unknown warning stimuli in two language-trained chimpanzees.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120, 46-56. PDF

Hopkins, W. D. (1991).  Laterality in monkeys and apes.  In A. Ehara, T. Kimura, O. Takenaka, & M. Iwamoto (Eds.), Primatology today (pp. 271-274). Amsterdam. Elsevier.

Morris, R. D., Hopkins, W. D., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1991). Cerebral dominance in man and animals.  In M. Yelles (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human biology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.  

Washburn, D. A., Hopkins, W. D., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1991). Perceived control in monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Enhanced video-task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 17, 126-137. PDF

Rumbaugh, D. M., Washburn, D. A., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Hopkins, W. D.,& Richardson, W. K. (1991).  The Language Research Center's computerized test system (LRC-CTS): Video-formatted tasks for comparative primate research. In A. Ehara, T. Kimura, O. Takenaka, & M. Iwamoto (Eds.), Primatology today (pp. 325-328).  Amsterdam. Elsevier. 

Rumbaugh, D. M., Washburn, D. A., Hopkins, W.D., & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S.(1991).  Chimpanzee counting and rhesus monkey ordinality judgements.   In A. Ehara, T. Kimura, O. Takenaka, & M. Iwamoto (Eds.), Primatology today (pp. 325- 328).  Amsterdam. Elsevier. 

Hopkins, W. D., & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1991).  Vocal communication as a function of differential rearing in Pan paniscus.  Some preliminary findings.  International Journal of Primatology, 12, 559-583.

Rumbaugh, D. M., Hopkins, W. D., & Washburn, D. A. (1991). Comparative perspectives of brain, cognition and language.  In N. Krasnegor, D. M. Rumbaugh, R. L. Schiefelbusch & M. Studdert‑Kennedy (Eds.), Biological and behavioral determinants of language development (pp. 145-164). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Hopkins, W. D., Morris, R. D., Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1992).  Hemispheric priming by meaningful and nonmeaningful symbols in language-trained chimpanzees: Further evidence of a left hemisphere advantage.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 106, 575-582. PDF

Higley, J. D., Hopkins, W. D., Thompson, W. W., Byrne, E. A., Hirsch, R. M., & Suomi, S. J. (1992).  Peers as primary attachment sources in yearling rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).  Developmental Psychology, 28, 1163-1171.

Hopkins, W. D., Washburn, D. A., Berke, L., & Williams, M. (1992). Behavioral asymmetries of psychomotor performance in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): A dissociation between hand preference and performance. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 106, 392-397. PDF         

Hopkins, W. D. (1993). Posture and reaching in chimpanzees (Pan) and orangutans (Pongo).  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 17, 162-168. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Morris, R. D. (1993). Handedness in great apes.  A review of findings. International Journal of Primatology, 14, 1-25.

Morris, R. D., & Hopkins, W. D. (1993). Perception of human chimeric faces by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for a right hemisphere asymmetry. Brain and Cognition, 21, 111-122.

Morris, R. D., Hopkins, W. D., Bolser, L., & Washburn, D. A. (1993). Behavioral lateralization in language-trained chimpanzees.  In J. P. Ward & W. D. Hopkins (Eds.), Primate laterality: Current behavioral evidence of primate asymmetries (pp. 215-227).  New York: Springer-Verlag.

Morris, R. D., Hopkins, W. D., Bolser-Gilmore, L. (1993).  Assessment of hand preference in two language-trained chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): A multimethod analysis.  Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 15, 487-502.

Hopkins, W. D., & Bard, K. A. (1993).  The ontogeny of hemispheric specialization in nonhuman primates with special reference to chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). In J. P. Ward & W. D. Hopkins (Eds.), Primate laterality: Current behavioral evidence of primate asymmetries (pp. 251-266). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Hopkins, W. D., & Bard, K. A. (1993). Hemispheric specialization in infant chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes):  Evidence for a relation with gender and arousal.  Developmental Psychobiology, 26, 219-235. 

Hopkins, W. D., Fagot, J., & Vauclair, J. (1993).  Solution of mirror-image matching and mental rotation problems by baboons (Papio papio) : Unilateral input enhances performance.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,122, 61-72.

Vauclair, J., Fagot, J., & Hopkins, W. D. (1993).  Rotation of mental images in baboons when visual input is directed to the left cerebral hemisphere.  Psychological Science, 4, 99-103.

Hopkins, W. D., & Morris, R. D. (1993).  Priming as a technique in the study of lateralized cognitive processes in language-trained chimpanzees: Some recent findings.  In H. Roitblat, L. Herman & P. Natigall (Eds.) Language and communication: Comparative perspectives (pp.401-413).  New York: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.

Rumbaugh, D. M., Hopkins, W. D., Washburn, D. A., & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1993).  Numerical competencies in chimpanzees.  In H. Roitblat, L. Herman & P. Natigall (Eds.), Language and communication: Comparative perspectives (pp. 333-350). New York : Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.

Hopkins, W. D., Bard, K. A., Jones, A., & Bales, S.  (1993).  Chimpanzee hand preference for throwing and infant cradling: Implications for the origin of human handedness. Current Anthropology, 34, 786-790.

Hopkins, W. D., Bennett, A., Bales, S., Lee, J., & Ward, J. P. (1993). Behavioral laterality in captive bonobos (Pan paniscus).  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 107, 403-410.  PDF

Fagot, J., Hopkins, W. D., & Vauclair, J. (1993).  Hand movements and hemispheric specialization in dichhaptic explorations.  Perception, 22, 847-853.

Hopkins, W. D., Bales, S., & Bennett, A. J. (1994). Heritability in direction of hand preference in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  International Journal of Neuroscience, 74, 17-26.

Hyatt, C. W., & Hopkins, W. D. (1994).  Self-awareness in bonobos and chimpanzees: A comparative perspective.  In S. T. Parker, R. W. Mitchell & M. Boccia (Eds.), Self-awareness: Phylogenetic and developmental perspectives (pp. 248-253).  Oxford: Oxford University Press.   

Hopkins, W. D. (1994). Generating an evolutionary theory of mind: A review of "The Lopsided Ape: Evolution of the Generative Mind" by M. C. Corballis. American Journal of Human Biology, 94, 410-411.

Washburn, D. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (1994).  Videotape versus pellet-reward preferences in joystick tasks by macaques.  Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 48-50.     

Westergaard, G. C., & Hopkins, W. D. (1994).  Theories of mind and self-recognition.  A review of assumptions underlying a proposed research agenda.  American Psychologist, 49, 761.

Hopkins, W. D. (1994).  Hand preferences for bimanual feeding in 140 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) : Rearing and ontogenetic factors.  Developmental Psychobiology, 27, 395-407.

Hopkins, W. D., & Bennett, A. J. (1994).  Handedness and approach/avoidance behavior in chimpanzees (Pan).  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 20, 413-418. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Washburn, D. A. (1994).  Do right- and left-handed rhesus monkeys differ on cognitive task? Behavioral Neuroscience, 108, 1207-1212. PDF

Hopkins, W. D. (1995).  Hand preferences in juvenile chimpanzees: Continuity in development. Developmental Psychology, 31, 619-625. PDF

Hopkins, W. D. (1995).  Hand preferences for a coordinated bimanual task in 110 chimpanzees: Cross-sectional analysis.  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 109, 291-297. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Bard, K. A. (1995). Evidence of asymmetries in spontaneous head turning in infant chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Behavioral Neuroscience, 109, 808-812. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & de Waal, F. D. (1995).  Behavioral laterality in captive bonobos (Pan paniscus): Replication and extension.  International Journal of Primatology, 16, 261-276.

Jorgensen, M. J., Suomi, S. J., & Hopkins, W. D. (1995).  Using a computerized test system to investigate the preconceptual self in nonhuman and human primates.  In P. Rochat (Ed.), The self in early infancy: Theory and research.  Amsterdam: Noth-Holland-Elsevier Science Publishers.

Hopkins, W. D., Washburn, D. A., & Hyatt, C. (1996).  Video-task acquisition in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) : A comparative analysis.  Primates, 37, 197-206.

Hopkins, W. D. (1996).  Chimpanzee handedness revisited : 54 years since Finch (1941).  Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 3, 449-457. 

Parr, L. A., Hopkins, W. D., & de Waal, F. B. M. (1996).  Haptic discrimination in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella): Evidence of manual specialization.  Neuropsychologia, 35, 143-152.

Leavens, D. A., Hopkins, W. D., & Bard, K. A. (1996).  Indexical and referential pointing in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 110, 346-353. PDF

Hopkins, W. D. (1997).  Hemispheric specialization for local and global processing of hierarchical visual stimuli in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Neuropsychologia, 35, 343-348.

Hopkins, W. D., Bard, K. A., & Griner, K. M. (1997).  Locomotor adaptation and leading limb asymmetries in neonatal chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  International Journal of Primatology, 18, 104-114.

Hopkins, W. D., & Rabinowitz, D. M. (1997).  Manual specialization and tool-use in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): The effect of unimanual and bimanual strategies on hand preference.  Laterality, 2, 267-277. PDF

Tomaszycki, M., Cline, C., Griffin, B., Maestripieri, D., & Hopkins, W. D. (1998). Maternal cradling and infant nipple preferences in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).  Developmental Psychobiology, 32, 305-312.

Hopkins, W. D., & Fowler, L. A. (1998).  Lateralized changes in tympanic membrane temperature in relation to different cognitive tasks in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Behavioral Neuroscience, 112, 345-266. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Leavens, D. A. (1998).  Hand use and gestural communication in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 112, 95-99.  PDF

Leavens, D. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (1998).  Intentional communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): A cross-sectional study of the use of referential gestures.  Developmental Psychology, 34,  813-822. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Marino, L., Rilling, J., & MacGregor, L. (1998). Planum temporale asymmetries in great apes as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). NeuroReport, 9, 2913-2918.

Parr, L. A., Hopkins, W. D., & de Waal, F. B. M. (1998).  The perception of facial expressions by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Evolution of Communication, 2, 1-23. 

Hopkins, W. D. (1999).  Heritability of hand preference in chimpanzees: Evidence from a partial interspecies cross-fostering study.   Journal of Comparative Psychology, 113, 1-7. PDF

Hopkins, W. D. (1999).   On the other hand: Statistical issues in the assessment and interpretation of hand preference data in nonhuman primates. International Journal of Primatology, 20, 851-866.

Leavens, D. A., & Hopkins, W. D.  (1999).  The whole-hand point: The structure and function of pointing from a comparative perspective.  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 113, 417-425. PDF

Fowler, L. A., Hopkins, W. D., Albers, H. E., Morris, R. D., & Hyatt, C. W.  (1999). Using tympanic membrane temperatures to establish the presence of a body temperature rhythm in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).   Primates, 23, 45-57.

Lacreuse, A., Parr, L. A., Smith, H. & Hopkins, W. D. (1999). Hand preference for a haptic task in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). International Journal of Primatology, 20, 867-881.

Parr, L. A., Winslow, J. T. & Hopkins, W. D. (1999).  Is the inversion effect in rhesus monkeys face specific?    Animal Cognition, 2, 123-129.

Hopkins, W. D., & Marino, L. M. (2000).  Cerebral width asymmetries in nonhuman primates as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).  Neuropsychologia, 38, 493-499. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Caribba, S.  F. (2000).  The effect of situational factors on hand preference in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).   Neuropsychologia, 38, 403-409. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Bard, K. A. (2000).  A longitudinal study of laterality in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).  Developmental Psychobiology, 36,  292-300. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Pearson, K. (2000).  Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) handedness: Variability across multiple measures of hand use. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 114, 126-135. PDF

Parr, L. A., Winslow, J. T., Hopkins, W. D., & de Waal, F. B. M.(2000).  Recognizing facial cues: Individual discrimination by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).   Journal of Comparative Psychology, 114, 47-60. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Dahl, J. F. (2000).  Birth order and hand preference in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Implications for pathological models of human handedness.  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 114, 302-306. PDF

Hopkins, W. D., & Rilling, J. K. (2000).   A comparative MRI study of the relationship between neuroanatomical asymmetry and interhemispheric connectivity in primates: Implication for the evolution of functional asymmetries.  Behavioral Neuroscience, 114, 739-748.  PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Dahl, J. F., & Pilcher, D. (2000).  Birth order and left-handedness revisited: Some recent findings in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and their implications for developmental and evolutionary models of human handedness.  Neuropsychologia, 38, 1626-1633.  PDF

Hopkins, W. D., Pilcher, D. L., & MacGregor, L. (2000).  Sylvian fissure length asymmetries in primates revisited: A comparative MRI study.  Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 56, 293-299. PDF