HIST 232: The Making of Modern America
Defining "The Nation"

Fall 2009
Tu-Th 10:00-11:15
110 White Hall

Dr. Eric L. Goldstein
Office: 122 Bowden Hall
Phone: (404) 727-4470
E-mail: egoldst@emory.edu
office hours: Tu, 12-1

Teaching assistant:
Ariel Svarch
asvarch@emory.edu
office hours: Th, 1-2, Jazzman's Cafe

Course Description:
This course explores U.S. history from 1877 to the present by examining a series of debates and conversations regarding the meaning of America. We will explore themes such as race and ethnicity and their relationship to national identity; industrial capitalism and the role of government in economic regulation; the notion of "exporting democracy" and America's role in world affairs; and immigration, citizenship and the role of national borders. The reading material will consist largely of first-hand accounts-speeches, memoirs, Congressional reports and testimony, newspaper accounts, letters, music, and artwork-which will present a variety of positions on these themes.


Readings:
All readings for the class will be available on electronic reserve. For your convenience, links to the readings are embedded in the web version of this syllabus. When prompted, you must enter your username and password for the library's e-reserves system in order to access the pdf file for each reading.

Course Format and Requirements:
Class sessions will be a mixture of lecture and discussion, with occasional sessions set aside for more in-depth analysis of primary sources. In addition to the regular class meetings, there will also be a few films shown during evening hours (see course schedule). These evening screenings are considered class periods and attendance will be taken. If you are unable to come for any reason you MUST discuss your conflict with the professor in advance.

In preparation for class discussion, students will be asked to answer a thought question in no more than one paragraph before each session. Please keep these responses in an ongoing journal (a spiral notebook works best), and at a few points during the semester these journals will be collected in order to gauge how well students are keeping up with the reading and how thoughtfully they are responding to the questions. On a few occasions, students will be asked to respond to the thought question in the form of a longer (two-page) essay, which will also be collected. There will be a midterm examination, which will be given in class, and a final project, in which students will choose a contemporary debate regarding American national identity and analyze it in light of historical events. Class participation is an important part of your grade, so please arrive ready to discuss and analyze the readings. Since we only meet twice a week, regular attendance is crucial to success in the class. Students will be allowed one unexcused absence, but the participation grade will be reduced one-half a grade for each unexcused absence thereafter.


Grading:
Grades for the course will be determined as follows:
Midterm: 30%
Final paper: 35%
Responses to thought questions: 10%
short writing assignments: 10%
Attendance and participation: 15%


Honor Code:
All students are expected to abide by Emory University's honor code, which prohibits all forms of academic dishonesty including cheating and plagiarism. Plagiarism means submitting material from a book, a website, or any other source without acknowledging that the words or the ideas are someone else's. When in doubt about this matter, please ask the instructor to explain further, or consult the Emory College Writing Center's "Avoiding Plagiarism" webpage. I treat academic dishonesty as a serious offense and, in accordance with the policies of Emory College, will immediately report all violations of the honor code to the Honor Council.


Course Schedule and Readings:

INTRODUCTION

Thursday, August 27
INTRODUCTION TO COURSE FORMAT, REVIEW OF SYLLABUS

Tuesday, September 1
"NATION": A HISTORY OF THE TERM

 

PART I: "THE NATION" IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD

Thursday, September 3
BEFORE JIM CROW
"Ought the Negro to Be Disfranchised? Ought He to Have Been Enfranchised?" (1879), read only the sections by Hampton, Lamar and Stephens. In addition, do some quick research so that you know who these three people were.

Tuesday, September 8
IMMIGRATION AND THE CHANGING FACE OF AMERICA

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Emma Lazarus, "The New Colossus" (1883)
Francis A. Walker, "Restriction of Immigration" (1896)


Thursday, September 10
THE WIDENING GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POOR
Henry Demarest Lloyd, "The Lords of Industry" (1884)
Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth" (1889)
William Jennings Bryan, The "Cross of Gold" Speech (1896)

Tuesday, September 15
ON THE VERGE OF EMPIRE
Theodore Roosevelt, "The Strenuous Life" (1900)
Alfred T. Mahan, "The Relations of the United States to their New Dependencies" (1899)




PART II: THE PROGRESSIVE IMPULSE

Thursday, September 17
CONFRONTING INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM

Upton Sinclair, The Jungle (chapter 9)
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

Monday, September 21
EVENING FILM: Birth of a Nation (1915)

7:30pm, in our regular classroom (WH 110)
attendance will be taken; please email Prof. Goldstein if you have an unavoidable conflict

Tuesday, September 22
"RACE" AND THE SEARCH FOR ORDER

Ben Tillman, "Their Own Hot-headedness" (1900)
Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Compromise Speech (1895)
W.E.B. DuBois, "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others" (1903)

Thursday, September 24
ASSIMILATION AND THE "MELTING POT"

Franz Boas, Changes in the Bodily Form of Descendants of Immigrants (1910)
Horace Kallen, "Democracy versus the Melting Pot" (1915)
In-class handout for discussion: The Four Immigrants Manga (excerpt)

Tuesday, September 29
MAKING THE WORLD "SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY"

Woodrow Wilson, War Message to Congress (1917)
Wilson's Fourteen Points (1918)


PART III: THE LOSS OF CONFIDENCE

Thursday, October 1
ISOLATIONISM

Henry Cabot Lodge, The Senate and the League of Nations (excerpts, 1925)
Thought Question: To what extent does Senator Lodge agree with the ideas behind the League of Nations? Yet how does he see the goals of the League as being inimical to the interests of the United States? (And, yes...) How do these views reflect his understanding of "the nation"? [Note: You do not have to answer these as three distinct questions; they can be blended into one flowing paragraph].

Tuesday, October 6
NO CLASS


Thursday, October 8
THE GOLDEN DOOR CLOSES

Senator Ellison Du Rant Smith, "Shut the Door" (1924)
Robert H. Clancy, "Un-American Bill" (1924)
Thought Question: Compare these readings with the readings we did on immigration on 9/8. How did the debate over immigration change by 1924 and how did it remain the same? Which arguments for and against immigration are similar between the two periods and which are different?

Tuesday, October 13
NO CLASS, FALL BREAK


Thursday, October 15
THE GREAT MIGRATION AND THE RISE OF URBAN SEGREGATION

Richard Wright, Black Boy , chaps. 13-14 and 15-16 (Be sure you download BOTH pdf. documents)
Thought Question: How was Richard Wright's life transformed by his migration to the north? How did life in the north challenge both his expectations of what he would find there and the ideas about race relations he had brought from the south?


Tuesday, October 20
SUMMARY AND REVIEW FOR MIDTERM EXAM

DOWLOAD THE STUDY SHEET FOR THE MIDTERM HERE

Thursday, October 22
IN-CLASS MIDTERM


PART IV: BECOMING A SUPERPOWER

Tuesday, October 27
THE GREAT DEPRESSION, NEW DEAL, AND BIRTH OF THE WELFARE STATE

FDR's Fireside Chat on the Purposes and Foundations of the Recovery Program (1933)
No thought question tonight.

Thursday, October 29
NO CLASS


Tuesday, Novermber 3
WORLD WAR II AND THE LIMITS OF "INCLUSIVE NATIONALISM"

"Franklin Roosevelt Rededicates the Statue of Liberty" (audio clip, 1936) and full text
"The War Labor Board Insists on Equal Pay for Black Workers" (1943)
"A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the U.S. Constitution" (web
exhibit)
Assignment (a longer journal entry of 1 1/2 to 2 pages): The readings for this lecture deal with Roosevelt's ideas about different racial and ethnic groups in the United States and their place in the "nation." Comare these ideas to his ideas about the economy expressed in the "Fireside Chat" (the document from Oct. 27). Are there similarities or continuities between the two sets of ideas? Are his approach to racial and ethnic minorities and his approach to the economy part of a larger worldview? Or are they different?

Thursday, Novermber 5
MAD, MAD WORLD: COLD WAR AND CONTAINMENT

George Keenan, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" (1947)
Thought question: What are the main characteristics that Keenan attributes to the Soviet Union in his critique? In making this critique, how is he defining what he calls the "best traditions" that made the United States "a great nation." In other words, what are the qualities he is implicitly claiming for America in making his criticism of the Soviet Union?
In-class listening (you do not have to prepare this! I will bring it to class): Tom Lehrer, That Was the Year That Was

Tuesday, Novermber 10
FIGHTING "GODLESS COMMUNISM" AT HOM
E
James F. O'Neill, "How You Can Fight Communism" (1948) and J. Edgar Hoover, Testimony to House Committee on Un-American Activities (1947) (These two are together in one pdf. Pay attention to the titles so that you read the proper entries).
Will Herberg, Protestant, Catholic, Jew (excerpt, 1954)
Thought question: Drawing on all three of the readings, outline some of the ways in which the Cold War and the United States' ideological opposition to the Soviet Union shaped the everyday lives of average Americans. Try to give at least three distinct examples.

EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITY:
Watch the film Dr. Strangelove or listen to the Tom Lehrer CD, That Was the Year that Was (specifically the songs related to the Cold War, of which there are many) and write a paper of no less than three pages analyzing the film or CD as a primary source of the Cold War Era. Even though these are "fun" sources, you will have to do a serious, close reading of these "documents" and explain what we can learn from them about life during the Cold War, and particularly about American identity. How do these sources either conform to or challenge other views we have encountered of the nuclear arms race and America's role as a superpower? In putting these sources in historical context, you should refer to the other readings and lectures we have had on the Cold War period and you should properly cite your sources (any method of citation is fine as long as you are consistent). The paper will be worth a maximum of 10 exam points. Extra-credit papers may be submitted ANY TIME THROUGH TUESDAY, NOV. 24, but must be submitted IN CLASS (not by email).

 

 


PART V: AGE OF REBELLION

Thursday, Novermber 12
FROM CIVIL RIGHTS TO BLACK POWER

Martin Luther King, Jr., "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" (1963)
Autobiography of Malcolm X, chap. 11 and chap. 14 (two separate pdf files - be sure to click on each of these two links)
Thought question: How do MLK and Malcolm X understand the struggle of African Americans in the late twentieth century differently? How do their goals and methods differ? Are there any similarities in their worldviews?

Tuesday, Novermber 17
HOW VIETNAM CHANGED AMERICA

Lyndon Johnson's War (documents on Vietnam)
Lyda Van Devanter, Home Before Morning (excerpts)
Thought question: How do the Johnson administration memos suggest a new understanding of war and warfare introduced by the Vietnam conflict? Why was it so difficult to come to terms with these new realities? Likewise, how does the personal experience described by Lynda Van Devanter suggest a new relationship between war and American identity?

Thursday, Novermber 19
FROM THE "GREAT SOCIETY" TO THE "REAGAN REVOLUTION"

Lyndon Johnson, "Great Society" Speech (1964)
Ronald Reagan, First Inaugural Address (1981)
Thought question: What is the relationship between Johnson's Great Society speech and Reagan's first inaugural address? How do they differ? How do each of them understand the core meaning and values of "America"?

PART VI: "THE NATION" TODAY

Tuesday, Novermber 24
INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN A POST-COLD WAR WORLD

The National Security Strategy of the United States of America (2002)
Thought question: Compare the Bush administration's vision of America's role in global affairs with those of some of the previous administrations we have discussed (comment on at least two: for example, Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Lyndon Johnson). What are the similarities and differences?
EXTRA CREDIT ASSIGNMENTS DUE IN CLASS (no emails)

Thursday, Novermber 26
NO CLASS, THANKSGIVING BREAK


Tuesday, December 1
BORDERS AND CITIZENSHIP IN THE CONTEMPORARY U.S.

Arguing Immigration (excerpts)

Thursday, December 3
RACE AND ETHNICITY IN THE AGE OF OBAMA

Barack Obama, "A More Perfect Union" (2008)

Tuesday, December. 8
THE RETURN OF KEYNES?

Paul Krugman and John Taylor Debate the Stimulus and Health Care Plans (2009)

Tuesday, December 15
FINAL PAPERS DUE via email by 5:00pm